The best way to get started is in knowing the main plant families. See below for tips and to learn about these families.

* Carrots and Beets
Carrots and beets are from different families, but both families are difficult to just plant by family. Carrots are from the Apiaceae family which also includes parsley and celery. Alliums like Carrots, but hate Parsley. The similarity is the division.
Beta vulgaris, the family that contains chard and beets, like bush beans, but dislikes pole beans.

* Radishes Drive Off Pests!
Planting radishes near Gourds, Legumes, Brassicas, and Nightshades will drive off many types of beetles. It is best to let some radish go to seed to drive off the pests through the growing season.
Many plants drive off pests and discourage other infestation. Potatoes drive off the Mexican Bean Beetle and Beans do the same for the Potato Beetle.

* Always use Marigolds
Not only do they drive off beetles, nematodes, and flies, but their roots excrete a strong natural pesticide
This is the end of our Early Garden Planning series, so we will be looking at future series and other posts after Christmas.

Add to these, Allium family is made up of such basics as  onions, leeks, garlic, and scallions. Brassicas include cabbage, Brussel sprouts, and cauliflower.

For more examples you can go on over to Homestead Revival and learn about legumes, green beans, tomatoes and so much more! You will also learn the likes and dislikes of various vegetables.

Companion planting is an experience but one well worth learning!